For many immigrants, becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen is a significant step toward achieving the American Dream. Naturalization refers to the legal process that allows a non- U.S. born individual to become a U.S. Citizen after meeting specific requirements set by U.S. immigration law. 

At the North Suburban Legal Aid Clinic (NSLAC), we support individuals on their path to citizenship. Our team helps guide applicants through each stage of the naturalization process, ensuring they have the resources and support needed to achieve safety and security.  

Who Can Apply for Naturalization? 

To apply for citizenship through naturalization, you must hold some form of legal status, most commonly as a lawful permanent resident (Green Card holder), or meet one of the following criteria:  

• Be a lawful permanent resident (Green Card holder) for five years. 

• Be married to a U.S. citizen and have been a lawful permanent resident for at least three years (under certain conditions) 

• Be a U.S. service member, either currently serving or a veteran 

• Be a child of a U.S. citizen under qualifying circumstances 

In addition, applicants must meet these general requirements: 

• Be at least 18 years old at the time of filing 

• Read, write, and speak basic English (some applicants may qualify for exemptions due to age or disability) 

• Demonstrate good moral character and show that during their time living in the United States, they have respected the law, acted responsibly, and contributed positively to American Society 

Learn more about naturalization requirements HERE 

What Are the Benefits of Becoming a U.S. Citizen?  

Becoming a U.S. citizen offers important rights, protections, and opportunities that are not available to legal permanent residents (Green Card Holders), including: 

• The Right to Vote: Naturalized citizens can fully participate in American elections by voting in local, state, and federal elections. 

• Security and Stability: U.S. citizenship provides protection from deportation and gives you the right to live and remain in the United States permanently. 

• Family Reunification: Citizens can petition for certain family members to immigrate to the U.S. 

• Easier International Travel: Naturalized U.S. Citizens can apply for a U.S. passport, allowing for easier international travel and access to assistance from U.S. embassies abroad. 

• Expanded Opportunities: Citizenship opens doors to additional public benefits, educational opportunities, and government jobs available only to U.S. citizens. 

What is the Process to Become a Naturalized U.S. Citizen? 

The steps to become a naturalized citizen typically include: 

1.Determine Your Eligibility 

• Review the requirements to ensure you qualify for naturalization based on your residency, age, and other criteria.

2. Submit Form N-400  

• File Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, with USCIS 

3. Attend Your Biometrics Appointment  

• You’ll be scheduled to provide fingerprints, photographs, and a signature for background checks. 

4. Complete the Interview and Tests 

• Meet with a USCIS officer for your interview, which includes questions to assess your English language skills and knowledge of U.S. civics. 

5. Receive a Decision from USCIS  

• USCIS will notify you whether your application has been approved, denied or continued for more evidence. 

6. Take the Oath of Allegiance 

• Once your application is approved, you’ll attend a naturalization ceremony to take the Oath of Allegiance and officially becoming a U.S. citizen. 

What Documents Do I Need to Apply for Naturalization? 

When applying for naturalization, you’ll need to submit documents that verify your identity, immigration status, and eligibility. Commonly required documents include: 

• Proof of Permanent Residence: Copy of your Green Card (front and back) 

• Proof of Marital Status (if applicable): Marriage certificate, divorce or annulment papers, or spouse’s death certificate 

• Proof of Continuous Residence: Tax returns, leases, bills, or school/employment records 

• Military Records (if applicable): Form N-426 or other official military documentation 

• Criminal History Records: Copies of any citations, arrests, or court documents, even if charges were dismissed 

• Disability Exceptions: Form N-648, Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions, completed by a licensed professional 

How Long Does the Naturalization Process Take? 

The naturalization application process typically takes 8 to 12 months, though times vary by USCIS field office and case volume. 

• You can check the estimated wait times for your field office using the USCIS Case Time Processing tool.  

• If you have already submitted Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization), you can track your application in real time using the USCIS Case Status Online tool.  

How Much Does Applying for Naturalization Cost?  

As of 2024, the filing fee for the N-400, Application for Naturalization, is:  

• $710 if you file online 

• $760 if you file on paper (by mail) 

Check the USCIS website for the most up to date information on filing fees.  

Reduced Fee Option 

There is a reduced fee option for applicants whose household income is between 150% and 400% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines. That reduced filing fee is $380 (you must file by paper and provide income documentation) 

Fee Waiver Option 

In some cases, applicants may qualify for a fee waiver, meaning they pay $0. To request a waiver, you must file a paper application and submit Form I-912 (or a written request) with supporting documentation. 

Legal Costs 

Cost may also vary if you hire a private immigration attorney. We recommend finding help from a trusted legal nonprofit that can assist with completing and submitting your N-400 form, often at little or no cost. Click HERE to find a legal nonprofit near you.   

Recent Changes to the Naturalization Process 

In September 2025, the Trump administration announced several updates to the naturalization process, including significant revisions to the U.S. civics test. The most notable change is the introduction of a new 2025 version of the civics test, which will officially take effect on October 20, 2025. 

Key Updates Include: 

• Expanded 2025 Test Format: The new 2025 civics test increases the number of questions asked during the interview from 10 to 20, expands the question pool from 100 to 128, and raises the passing requirement from 6 correct answers (out of 10) to 12 correct answers (out of 20). 

• New Testing Procedure:
  In the 2025 version, officers may stop the civics test once an applicant answers 12 questions correctly (pass) or 9 incorrectly (fail), rather than asking all 20 questions. The test will continue to be given orally, with no multiple-choice questions. 

• Transition to a New Civics Test:
  Applicants who apply for naturalization before October 20, 2025, or whose applications are already pending, will continue to take the 2008 version of the test. Anyone filing on or after that date will take the updated 2025 version. 

• Stricter Character Review:
  The administration announced a broader definition of “Good Moral Character”, shifting focus from simply following U.S. law to demonstrating positive contributions to American society. 

• Renewed Neighborhood Checks:
  The government plans to reinstate neighborhood investigations to verify applicants’ eligibility. 

• The English‐language test (speaking, reading, writing) remains unchanged by this update. 

• Applicants aged 65 or older who have maintained lawful permanent residence for at least 20 years will continue taking a simplified version of the civics test—10 questions selected from a special question bank, requiring 6 correct answers to pass. 

NSLAC remains committed to supporting individuals and families in navigating the complexities of immigration law, ensuring that everyone receives the assistance and care they deserve during challenging times. If you are in need of immigration legal aid, please contact NSLAC. 

Can I Keep My Original Citizenship After Naturalization?  

Whether you can keep your original citizenship after becoming a U.S. citizen, known as dual citizenship, depends on your home country’s laws. 

The United States does not require new citizens to give up their original nationality. However, some countries do not allow dual citizenship and may revoke your original citizenship once you naturalize in the U.S. or require you to formally request permission to keep it. 

Because these rules vary from country to country, it’s important to check with your home country’s embassy or consulate before applying for U.S. citizenship to understand how your current citizenship status may be affected. 

How Can I Prepare for the Civics and English Tests? 

Preparing for your civics and English tests is an important step toward a successful naturalization interview. Below are a few helpful resources: 

Civics Test Preparation 

The civics test covers key topics about U.S. history, government, and civics principles.
You can prepare by using these resources:  

• USCIS Study Guides: Official USICIS study materials that include all possible civics questions and answers. 

• Preparing for your Oath Online Citizenship Virtual Quiz: An interactive online learning tool that helps you study key topics through videos, quizzes, and activities.  

• Virtual Citizenship Quizzes: Online platforms and apps allow you to test your knowledge anytime to get comfortable with real interview questions. Check your phone app store available downloads.  

English Test Preparation: 

The English test evaluates your ability to read, write, and speak basic English during your interview. To strengthen your skills: 

• Join English as a Second Language (ESL) or Citizenship Preparation Classes: Many community colleges, libraries, and nonprofit organizations offer free or low-cost classes that include test practice. 

• Reading short English articles, writing simple sentences, and practicing English in everyday conversations can help you build confidence and feel more confident during your interview. Small, consistent efforts can make a big difference. 

Why Do Some People Choose Not to Become Naturalized Citizens?  

Deciding whether to become a U.S. citizen is deeply personal. Some lawful permanent residents prefer to keep their original nationality or feel secure with their current status. 

Others may delay applying due to the cost, fear of failing the English or civics tests, or uncertainty about their eligibility due to past legal or immigration history.  

Legal Help 

North Suburban Legal Aid Clinic (NSLAC) provides free immigration legal assistance to community members living in Lake County and north suburban Cook County. If you or someone you know needs assistance in filling for naturalization, please reach out to info@nslegalaid.org or call 847-737-4042 to schedule your consultation. NSLAC also provides free legal aid in the areas of Housing and Domestic Violence.